Medicinal Plants, facsimile of Codex Florentine by Friar Bernardino de Sahagun, Historia general de las cosas de Nueva Espana, General History of Things in New Spain, in two languages, Spanish and Nahuatl, mid 16th century, Mexico

Un tradi-praticien explique le mode d'emploi d'un produit un patient, le 02 septembre 2004 Abidjan, lors de la deuxiëme Journèe africaine de la mèdecine traditionnelle, organisèe en coopèration avec l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santè (OMS) sous le thëme ''amèliorer la santè en Afrique par la mèdecine traditionnelle''. En Afrique, 85 % de la population s'adresse en premier recours aux tradi-praticiens. AFP PHOTO- KAMPBEL

Packages of anti-influenza virus medicine Tamiflu are displayed at a Tokyo pharmacy on April 28, 2009. Japan has urged people to avoid trips to Mexico and other countries hit by the deadly human swine flu after the World Health Organization raised its flu pandemic alert level, and has decided to send antiviral flu medicine to Japanese nationals in Mexico. AFP PHOTO / Yoshikazu TSUNO

Graphic showing how the drug

Autoclave pour l'ensemencement de moisissures pures. Flacons garnis de racines de règlisse. France, 1900-1910. BOY-2873

POUR ILLUSTRER LE PAPIER DE GAEL BRANCHEREAU : "ROQUETTE PARIE SUR LE POIS ET L'ALGUE POUR PREPARER L'APRES-PETROLE" - Un employè de l'usine Roquette Lestrem travaille le 2 dècembre 2008 dans son laboratoire. Roquette, l'un des leaders mondiaux de la transformation des matiëres premiëres agricoles, a dèj pariè sur l'aprës-pètrole et met au point les produits alimentaires, cosmètiques ou pharmaceutiques de demain avec sa nouvelle chimie vègètale. AFP PHOTO / DENIS CHARLET

ISRAEL, Tel Aviv : Undated recent photo made available 21 May 2002 shows a new breed of featherless chicken being developed by the genetics faculty at the Rehovot agronomy institute near Tel Aviv which will allow farmers to produce birds faster and and cut down on the processing of carcasses. Scientists hope the new breed will frow faster, suffer less from the heat, will be less fatty and will obviously not have to be plucked after being killed. AFP PHOTO/ HO/Hebrew University

A Chinese man looks at samples of grains including wheat and rice from a northern Chinese agricultural company that is on display at a food fair in Shanghai, 10 May 2007. China acknowledged for the first time, that it was the source of deadly additives found in US pet foods and that two companies illegally added melamine to the wheat gluten and rice protein in a bid to meet contractual demands for the amount of protein in the products. The companies are the Xuzhou Anying Biologic Technology Development Co from Jiangsu, and Binzhou Futian Biology Technology Co from Shandong province. AFP PHOTO/Mark RALSTON

China-science-animals, by Peter Harmsen

CHILE, Santiago :Picture taken on May 6, 2008 in Santiago, of a new type of rice created from byproducts of the rice milling process by researchers of Chile's University of Santiago and the Agrarian Innovation Foundation (FIA). Byproducts such as broken grains, tips of rice, brans, powder and others, are subjected to a "remodelling" process for the creation of this new low-cost reconstituted rice that only requires a quarter of the water and half the time to be cooked. AFP PHOTO/MARTIN BERNETTI

INDIA, Amritsar : TOPSHOTS　Indian street dentist Kulwant Singh (L) treats a patient at his roadside dentistry stall in Amritsar on July 4, 2009. Street dentists, many who do not have formal training, learn their skills by working as dental technicians or assistants and earn about 150 rupees (USD 3.14) a day. Patients can get their teeth cleaned for some 5 Indian rupees (USD 0.10). TOPSHOTS/AFP PHOTO /NARINDER NANU

Human jawbone with some teeth remaining, from a mummy of the Middle Kingdom, 1975-1640 BC, Egypt /Photo Credit: [ The Art Archive / Museo di Antropologia ed Etnografia Turin ]

Jens Heidmann, dentistry professor from Denmark, checks dental x-rays of tsunami victims at the Disaster Victim Identification center in Phuket city, southern Thailand 11 January 2005. More than 400 international experts from at least 30 countries were on the ground in Thailand, in one of the world's largest ever international forensics operation using state of the art technology to identify more than 5,300 people killed, nearly half of them foreign holidaymakers, in the December 26 disaster. AFP PHOTO ROMEO GACAD

Dentist uses laser unit to treat patient.

Visiting the dentist, Ottoman manuscript

Graphic on the radical new headquaters of China Central Television. For an AFP story moving Sunday on the construction of the leaning twin towers, to be linked 160-metres above ground by an extraordinary feat of engineering this week.

Journalists drive a prototype of the plug-in hybrid vehicle of Toyota Motor which enable to charge battery from power supply for families on the test course in Tokyo, 25 July 2007. The Japan's auto giant acquired authorization from the government to begin a proof examination of the plug-in hybrid vehicle on public roads in Japan. AFP PHOTO/Toru YAMANAKA

Ordinateur IBM. 1960. LIP-34576-015

A D-18T engine manufactured at a plant of the Motor Sich company in the Zaporizhia Region, Ukraine.

Students from Kasetsart University's Faculty of Engineering show off robots invented by its professors and students to mark the faculty's 70th anniversary, 21 July 2008. Bangkok Post Photo/Pattanapong Hirunard

POUR ILLUSTRER LE PAPIER : "MANIAQUES DE LA BALANCE, VOTRE MIROIR VOUS SURVEILLE" - Photo rècente d'une personne utilisant Sophia-Antipolis, le "miroir persuasif" mis au point par la sociètè Accenture, capable d'anticiper l'apparence future d'un individu en fonction de son hygiëne de vie. AFP PHOTO

The Australian Institute of Sport, Sports Science and Sports Medicine building is pictured at Bruce near Canberra. (taken 31 May 2000). Services provided include Sports Medicine, Physiology, Physiotherapy/Massage, Biomechanics, Psychology and Nutrition. The Australian Institute of Sport which was opened in 1981, now has seven regional centres training 600 would-be Olympians in 24 sports and employing 75 coaches. (ELECTRONIC IMAGE) AFP PHOTO/Greg WOOD

Photo non datèe fournie par le Cnes montrant la salle de contrùle des expèriences sur la nutrition en micropesanteur. Prèparès dans le cadre des expèriences sur la nutrition en micropesanteur menèes par le Centre d'Opèrations Spatiales (CADMOS) qui opëre au sein du CNES, plusieurs menus gastronomiques franáais ont ètè crèès par le pùle conseil et formation du groupe Alain Ducasse pour les astronautes de la station spatiale internationale (ISS). AFP PHOTO/CNES

Photo non datèe fournie par le Cnes montrant des boites de conserves contenant des plats gastronomiques prèparès dans le cadre des expèriences sur la nutrition en micropesanteur menèes par le Centre d'Opèrations Spatiales (CADMOS) qui opëre au sein du CNES et crèès par le pùle conseil et formation du groupe Alain Ducasse pour les astronautes de la station spatiale internationale (ISS). AFP PHOTO/CNES

La momie de Ankhpakhered (XXVIe dynastie) passe sous un scanner de l'hùpital Saint-Jacques Besanáon, le 18 janvier 2007, afin d'ítre ètudièe dans le cadre de la thëse d'un interne en radiologie, Samuel Merigaud, passionnè d'ègyptologie. Il a notè le mauvais ètat dentaire de la momie "liè en grande partie la nutrition des Egyptiens". La momie qui avait dèj ètè radiographièe en 1984, est exposèe au musèe des Beaux-arts de Besanáon. PHOTO AFP BRUNO FERRANDEZ

A veterinarian examining a dog puppy at the Krasnogvardeisk district veterinary clinic in Moscow.

French veterinary Xavier Banse, surrounded by photographers and journalists, injects a vaccine against the H5N1 virus to a duck in a poultry farm, 27 February 2006 in Buanes, near Bordeaux, southwestern France. The vaccine campaign starts 27 february in this Landes French region, concerning 148 poultry farms. This place is one of the French foie gras main producers. International veterinary experts are gathered in Paris to discuss the fight against bird flu, as the lethal H5N1 strain continued to take hold in Europe and French authorities prepared to start a mass vaccination programme of ducks and geese. AFP PHOTO MICHEL GANGNE

In this photo released by the San Diego Zoo, veterinarians collect developmental data on the seven-week-old giant panda cub on 20 September 2007. The cubís growth is on track, weighing in at 5,4 pounds (2,4 kgs), a gain of more than one pound (0,4 kg) since one week ago. The cub, born 03 August 3, has also begun to open her left eye and the right eye is expected to begin opening in the next week. Following Chinese tradition, she will receive her name after she is 100 days old.

Chief physician of the private veterinary clinic at the Physicochemical Medicine Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, prepares a dog for operation.

Caring for a horse, from 1210 Seljuk Turkish manuscript treatise on veterinary medicine by Al-Ahnaf

Graphic showing the main genetic components of the 2009 A(H1N1) virus.

Doctor Wu Ming-Che, a research fellow at the Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, points to a diagram showing pig ova (pig eggs) in his office in Hsinhua, southern Taiwan, 05 March. Wu explained how they cloned five rare pigs to save them from extinction using a controversial genetic transplant technique, but admitted the five pigs were only 90 percent identical to their parents.

Des militants de Greenpeace bloquent le portail d'entrèe de la sociètè Novartis Seed pour protester contre la fabrication de semences de maôs transgènique, Toulouse le 22 dècembre.

TV picture released 23 April shows Dolly, the first ever mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell, pictured with her first lamb, named 'Bonnie,' at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh 23 April. Dolly, who was naturally mated at the end of last year with a Welsh Mountain ram, gave birth to Bonnie early on Monday April 13th, proving that despite her unusual origins, she is able to breed normally and produce healthy offspring.

Johann Mendel (en religion Gregor, 1822-1884), religieux et botaniste autrichien, fondateur de la gènètique. BOY-28817

Frank Ruehli from the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Zurich poses with the frozen corpse of the mummified iceman named Oetzi in this undated photo released 06 June 2007 in Zurich. Oetzi, the 5,100-year old mummified iceman found in a Tyrolean glacier in 1991, bled to death after being hit in the back by an arrow, Swiss scientists said Wednesday following X-ray analysis. The arrowhead itself had already been detected, but the new scans show that it lacerated the artery, causing massive internal bleeding, Ruehli told AFP, adding that it appeared Oetzi died shortly after being hit. AFP PHOTO / HO / UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH

UNITED STATES : This image released 04 December, 2003, by the journal "Science" shows a well-preserved ocean-dwelling creature called an ostracode some 425 million years old, discovered in rocks in the United Kingdom. The journal reports it may be the world's oldest known male fossil animal. This find pushes back the earliest described evidence for the soft-tissue anatomy of this important group of living crustaceans by nearly 200 million years. The ostracode's appendages, soft parts that protrude from the gap between its two hinged shells, suggest that it swam and scavenged for food along the ocean floor. The authors cracked open the rock that entombed the creature and embarked on a shave-and-photograph technique that yielded a virtual fossil with carefully preserved three-dimensional details. The 5 millimeter-long fossil is remarkably similar to some modern ostracodes. AFP PHOTO/SCIENCE

A visitor looks at a dissected body which has treated using new plastomic technology which allows human specimens to be viewed at normal temperature without formalin and with no smell at the "Mysteries of the Human Body Exhibition" in Hong Kong 06 January 2003. The exhibits from Japan are dehydrated and injected with resins to give the general public an opportunity to view the human body as never seen before outside of a medical laboratory, it runs untill 23 February 2003. AFP PHOTO/Peter PARKS

Photo montrant une gravure, 'De humani corporis fabrica libri septem, 1555' d'Andrè Vèsale, (Andries van Wesel, 1514-1564), prèsentèe dans le cadre de l'exposition "Corps vif. Art et anatomie", qui se tient du 18 juin au 19 septembre au Musèe d'art et d'histoire Genëve. L'Exposition qui traite des rapports quelquefois troublants entre l'art et l'anatomie devrait garantir au visiteur quelques èmotions fortes, puisque c'est autour des tables de dissection que se sont retrouvès, pendant des siëcles, chirurgiens et artistes.

Arm studies, ink drawing -- MICHELANGELO Buonarroti : 1475-1564 : Italian

Yuri Tkachenko, president of the Kavkaz International Center of Non-Traditional and Folk Medicine, "supporting" metallic articles on his chest.

IRAQ : An Iraqi woman sits by the body of her dead husband 12 January in Nadjaf, Iraq. The woman said her husband died due to the lack of medicine. The U.S. reiterated 12 January that it would strike without warning if Iraq did not comply with U.N. resolutions.

A Sepik witch doctor attempts assembling an anatomical model during a public health awareness display in Port Moresby 18 September. Despite the introduction of western medicine and provincial hospitals to supplement traditional witch doctor techniques, the life expectancy in Papua New Guinea is still only 47 years. AFP PHOTO

A Myanmese practitioner treats a patient using traditional medicine of herbs at his clinic in Yangon, 25 August 2006. Aung Naing, a doctor of traditional medicine in Myanmar, believes in the healing power of herbs, but even he is worried about claims being made in the media about a common weed in the military-run nation. Easily available on sidewalks in the capital Yangon, the flowering Siam weed has been widely reported in local media as a cure for HIV -- a tempting claim in one of the world's poorest countries where few can afford expensive life-prolonging anti-retroviral drugs. AFP PHOTO/ Khin Maung WIN

Buddhists burn moxa (dried medicinal herbs) atop unglazed plates on their heads as they chant for good health in a traditional summer ritual at Tokyo's Chokoku-ji Temple on June 22, 2008. The 350-year-old custom called 'houroku-kyu' is believed to keep heads cool and refresh bodies. AFP PHOTO / Yoshikazu TSUNO

A BESM-6 computer at the Tbilisi University Applied Mathematics Research Institute.

Technicians at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, monitor computers, 05 December, connected to the Galileo spacecraft which is due to reach Jupiter 07 December. The monitors (top) show (L-R): the planet Earth, the CNN satellite, and a test pattern. Scientists hope to retrieve data from Galileo's probe before it is destroyed by Jupiter's harsh atmosphere.

Birgit Naun, employee of the research centre Juelich, walks past racks of the super-processor "Jugene" on May 26, 2009 . In presence of the German Education and Science Minister Annette Schavan and the North Rhine-Westphalia State Premier Juergen Ruettgers (not in picture), "Jugene" and two other new super-computers were inaugurated on May 26, 2009. The computer "Jugene" is, with a processing power of a quadrillion arithmetic operations per second (a petaflop), currently the fastest computer in Europe. AFP PHOTO DDP / CLEMENS BILAN GERMANY OUT

This handout picture taken on May 1, 2008 shows a 41-year-old paralysed man enjoying a virtual walk in the online world of 'Second Life' with his character being controlled via sensors recording the electrical activity of his brain in real time, at the Keio University's laboratory in Yokohama, Kanagawa prefecture. A paralysed man has for the first time walked virtually just by using his imagination and had a chat with a person far away on the popular Second Life website, Keio University's associated professor Junichi Ushiba said. AFP PHOTO/HO/ KEIO UNIVERSITY RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE

Photo du robot humanoôde iCub, prise le 1er juillet 2009, lors de sa prèsentation l'Inserm de Bron, premier centre de recherche franáais accueillir ce projet europèen de robot. Avatar èlectronique d'un enfant de trois ans et demi, le robot humanoôde iCub apprend notamment la coopèration avec les humains. Le robot, soutenu temporairement par un bras d'acier et reliè un ordinateur, possëde une large panoplie de mouvements pour bouger sa títe, ses bras, ses mains et ses jambes. Il peut parler et èchanger avec autrui, et ressentir le toucher gr‚ce ses capteurs sur le bout de ses doigts. AFP PHOTO / FRED DUFOUR

This NASA 23 October, 1989 shows the Galileo spacecraft being deployed from the space shuttle Atlantis during the STS-34 mission prior to the start of its journey to Jupiter. On 21 September, 2003, following eight years of exploring Jupiter and its moons, the spacecraft will plunge into Jupiter's atmosphere to eliminate any chance of an unwanted collision between the spacecraft and the moon Europa, which Galileo discovered is likely to have a subsurface ocean. AFP PHOTO/NASA

GERMANY, Ottobrunn :Undated handout computer generated image released by aerospace company EADS subsidiary Astrium shows the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) that will be launched in 2014. It will be equipped with the Near-Infrared Spectrograph NIRSpec, that is able to observe the birth of stars. AFP PHOTO HO / ASTRIUM RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE

This handout picture image provided by the European Southern Observatory (ESO) on August 3, 2009 shows the star HD 87643 in the extended nebula of gas and dust that reflects its light. The central star's wind appears to have shaped the nebula, leaving bright, ragged tendrils of gas and dust. A careful investigation of these features seems to indicate that there are regular ejections of matter from the star every 15 to 50 years.

Graphic on the 400th anniversary of Galileo's telescope, a technical breakthrough that lead to the discovery that the Earth orbits the Sun, and not the other way round.

Total eclipse of the sun watercolour -- SCHOELLER, Johann Christian : 1782-1851 : French

This photo released by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, 29 June shows the retreat of the El Nino warm Pacific currents (white/red). JPL scientist said the central equatorial Pacific Ocean is expected to remain below normal temperatures, but it is not clear if the cold trend will create La Nina. The purple areas show cold ocean waters. The image was made by the the US-French TOPEX/Poseidon Satellite. AFP PHOTO/JPL/NASA/rix

"Les pluies régularisées : appareils de captation électrique des courants atmosphériques". Illustration d'Albert Robida pour son livre d'anticipation : "Le Vingtième siècle - la vie électrique" (1883). RV-362869

quelques personnes se promënent, le 27 octobre 2002, dans le port du Havre alors que les vents atteignent 140 km/h. Des vents violents soufflent ce jour prës des cùtes nord-ouest de la France, mais les services de secours ne dèploraient pas de dèg‚ts importants en fin de matinèe. AFP PHOTO ERIC HOURI

A Palestinian sweet vendor stands with his cart under the pouring rain in annexed Arab east Jerusalem 16 May 2007. Israel today marks Jerusalem "reunification" day, commemorating the annexation of the Holy City's Arab east following the 1967 Middle East War, a move not recognised by the international community. AFP PHOTO/MENAHEM KAHANA

Bureau central mètèorologique. Observation au Thèodolite de Br¸nner. Observatoire du Parc de St Maur, 1909.

This combination image release September 28, 20009 shows water that has been discovered on the surface of the Moon. No lakes have been found, but rather NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper aboard India's new Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter radios back that parts of the Moon's surface absorb a very specific color of light identified previously only with water. Currently, scientists are trying to fit this with other facts about the Moon to figure out how much water is there, and even what form this water takes. Unfortunately, even the dampest scenarios leave our moon dryer than the driest of Earth's deserts. A fascinating clue being debated is whether the water signal rises and falls during a single lunar day. If true, the signal might be explainable by hydrogen flowing out from the Sun and interacting with oxygen in the lunar soil. This could leave an extremely thin monolayer of water, perhaps only a few molecules thick. Some of the resulting water might subsequently evaporate away in bright sunlight. Pictured above, the area near a crater on the far side of the Moon shows a relatively high abundance of water-carrying minerals in false-color blue. AFP PHOTO/HO/ISRO/NASA/JPL/

Minéralogie : coupe d'une mine. Gravure de Bénard pour L'"Encyclopédie" de Diderot (XVIIIème siècle). RV-475448

France, Rèunion island, (overseas department), Piton-de-la-Fournaise in èruption

Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

Drillers take geological samples.

Les diffèrentes phases solaires. "Rècits astrologiques et cabalistiques", codex grec (XVIIëme siëcle). Venise, bibliothëque Marcienne. RVB-07074

L'explorateur Paul-Emile Victor (C) est photographiè le 23 avril 1957 la base militaire du Bourget, o˘ il prèsente le matèriel de survie polaire que va emporter une mission de reconnaissance aèrienne au Groenland. Paul-Emile Victor (1907-1995) a dirigè de nombreuses expèditions au Groenland, en Laponie et en Terre Adèlie, et a crèè en 1947 les Expèditions polaires franáaises.

Image de synthëse prise en mars 1972 de la sonde spatiale amèricaine "Pioneer" ( droite), quittant la Terre (au centre) et se dirigeant vers la Lune (Gauche). La mission de la sonde est de survoler la planëte Jupiter.
Computer view taken on March 1972 of American Spacecraft "Pioneer" (at right), leaving Earth (center) and passing Moon (on Left) before approaching the planet Jupiter.

This 19 September NASA image released 23 September shows a global view taken by the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWIFS) from a spacecraft. This view shows levels of chlorophyll in the world's oceans with the red showing high concentrations, the yellows and greens showing medium range concentrations and the blue showing the least concentrations of chlorophyll. AFP PHOTO/NASA

Graphic on the Japanese seep-sea drilling vessel Chikyu, used in an international project digging into the earth's surface to study earthquakes, tsunamis and the movement of tectonic plates.

A shot from the science fiction movie "I was a Sputnik of the Sun." 1959. Mosnauchfilm studio. Producer Viktor Morgenstern.

Picture from TV 20 October shows headless tadpoles created by British scientists. Jonathan Slack, professor of developmental biology at Bath University and a leading embryologist, said he could now create these embryos relatively easily by manipulating certain genes. It has raised the possibility that headless human clones may be engineered to grow organs and tissues for transplant surgery. Scientists believe the technique could be adapted to grow human organs such as hearts, kidneys, livers and pancreases in an embryonic sac living in an artificial womb. The same genes perform similar functions in both frogs and human. Growing parts of human embryos to cultivate organs could bypass many legal restrictions and ethical concerns, because without a brain or central nervous system the "organ sacs" may not meet the technical definition of an embryo.

Nude man running and jumping, full length, image sequence

Israeli researchers visit the opening of the exhibition "Bodyworlds" at the the Madatech science museum in the Israeli port city of Haifa on April 5, 2009. Body Worlds is a traveling exhibition of preserved human bodies and body parts that are prepared using a technique called plastination to reveal inner anatomical structures. The exhibition's developer and promoter is a German anatomist named Gunther von Hagens, who invented the plastination technique in the late 1970s at the University of Heidelberg. AFP PHOTO/JONATHAN NACKSTRAND

une jeune femme procëde un examen, le 25 mai Paris, dans les nouveaux locaux de la section biologie molèculaire du laboratoire de police scientifique de la prèfecture de police de Paris.

Photo montrant une huile sur papier, "Scëne de dissection commèmorant les cours de John Bannister, 1581" de l'Anglais Nicholas Hilliard (1547-1619), prèsentèe dans le cadre de l'exposition "Corps vif. Art et anatomie", qui se tient du 18 juin au 19 septembre au Musèe d'art et d'histoire Genëve. L'Exposition qui traite des rapports quelquefois troublants entre l'art et l'anatomie devrait garantir au visiteur quelques èmotions fortes, puisque c'est autour des tables de dissection que se sont retrouvès, pendant des siëcles, chirurgiens et artistes.

Chimie. Illustration de l'"Encyclopédie" de Diderot (1713-1784). RV-459932

Un chercheur rèalise, le 04 fèvrier 2002, une expèrience dans un laboratoire de l'institut de chimie de Rennes. Cet institut rassemble prës de 400 personnes dont une cinquantaine de chercheurs du CNRS et prës d'une centaine d'enseignants-chercheurs. AFP PHOTO MARCEL MOCHET

(FILES) Picture dated 1925 shows Professor Marie Curie working in the laboratory of Paris university. Marie Curie and her husband, the French physicist, Pierre Curie, were the discoverers of radium and won the Nobel prize for physics in 1903. Pierre Curie was born in Paris 15 May 1859 and his most important contributions to physics was the discovery that the magnetic properties of substances change at certain temperature, known as the "Curie point." He became known for his work on radioactivity carried out jointly with his wife Marja (Marie) Sklodowska (born in Warsaw 07 November 1867) whom he married in 1895. On 18 July 1898, they announced the discovery of two new elements in the mineral uranium, polonium and radium. The work of the Curie couple laid the foundation for much of the later research in nuclear physics and chemistry. Marie Curie was the first person to receive two Nobel prizes when she was awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1911.

Factfile sowing how the ribosome transforms the DNA code into living matter

Alfred Nobel (1833-1896), chimiste suèdois. BOY-31443

Parachute de Fausto Veranzio. Gravure extraite d'un recueil de machines "Machinae novae" publiè Venise. 1617. RV-366591

Japanese Nobel physics laureates Toshihide Maskawa (5th R) and Makoto Kobayashi (4th R) share a moment with Emperor Akihito (2nd L) during the annual spring garden party at the Akasaka Imperial Garden in Tokyo on April 16, 2009. At left is Empress Michiko. Akihito is the 125th emperor in a myth-shrouded lineage starting with legendary Jimmu, a descendant of sun goddess Amaterasu, in the 7th century BC. AFP PHOTO/Kazuhiro NOGI

Description du processus

Grandes piles colonnes d'Alessandro Volta (1745-1827), physicien italien. Paris, Conservatoire national des arts et mètiers. BOY-23670

The Sosny United Institute of Energy and Nuclear Studies under the Belarussian National Academy of Sciences commissioned the Yalina nuclear physical experimental research complex. It is a simplified model of new-generation nuclear power systems to produce energy and immediately dispose of nuclear waste

Traitè d'Archimëde. Dèbut XVIIëme siëcle. RV-867491

Page du "Protomathesis" (cours élémentaire de mathématiques pures et appliquées). Oronce Finé (1494-1555), mathématicien et cartographe français, face à Uranie, muse grecque de l'astronomie. Gravure, BN, 1532. BOY-21808

Chinese President Jiang Zemin (C) attends the opening ceremony of the 24th International Congress of Mathematicians in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, 20 August 2002. France's Laurent Lafforgue and Russian-born American Vladimir Voevodsky were jointly awarded the 2002 Fields Medal, the mathematics equivalent of the Nobel prize, but only awarded every four years and can have up to four winners. AFP PHOTO/GOH Chai Hin

Irëne Joliot-Curie (G) en visite aux Etats-Unis, discute avec Albert Einstein de leurs travaux respectifs dans le bureau du savant Princeton dans le New Jersey. Fille de Pierre et Marie Curie, Irëne Joliot-Curie est nèe Paris le 12 septembre 1897. Elle travailla aux cùtès de sa mëre dans son service radioghraphique pendant toute la durèe de la guerre. Aprës l'Armistice, Irëne Curie entre l'Institut du Radium. En 1920 elle obtient sa licence ës-sciences mathèmatiques et physiques. Elle èpouse Frederic Joliot, assistant au laboratoire Curie, en 1926 avec qui elle travaillera dèsormais. Elle dècëde Paris, le 17 mars 1956.

Chercheur de la quadrature du cercle au XVIëme siëcle. Gravure de 1890. RV-357927

A kindergarten teacher of the "Elpidio Valdez" nursery in the Vedado neighborhood in Havana, work with children 2 February 2005. Cuba has 1,100 nurseries in the country which cover 98 percent of child population, according official numbers. Thousands of nursery teachers, professors and schoolteachers from the world, gather in Cuba at the 2005 Pedagogy Congress, to known Cuban education experience among other topics. AFP PHOTO/Adalberto ROQUE

Lisete Quintero Borjes, 18, a student of pedagogy, watches a picture of President Fidel Castro during a lecture "Memory and the Future: Cuba and Fidel" in Havana, 30 November 2006. Cuban Foreign Affairs Minister Felipe Perez Roque said Castro is recovering and he "will be back in combat". The Cuban leader, who has led the country since 1959, has not been seen in public since undergoing intestinal surgery on July 27th, 2006, and he will be absent from the public celebrations marking his 80th birthday this weekend. AFP PHOTO/Baltazar MESA

Palestinian children fly their kites during a festival on a Gaza City beach 15 July 2003. The festival dubbed "freedom for the human and home land " is orgnized for the last six years by the Canaan Institute of New Pedagogy. Some 1500 Palestinians attended. AFP PHOTO/Mohammed ABED

Palestinian children waves their national flag during a festival on a Gaza City beach 15 July 2003. The festival dubbed "freedom for the human and home land " is orgnized for the last six years by the Canaan Institute of New Pedagogy. Some 1500 Palestinians attended. AFP PHOTO/Mohammed ABED

Primary 6 students (from left), Adlin Farhanah, Ida Shamira, Muhd Sulfittri, Huang Cheng Yi, Muhd Lutfi, Sabrina Kamarudin, Claudia Lee, Sabrina Roshdie, listen with interest as classmate, Calvin Teh, 12, discusses how to build a model boat with "Amy", the puppet, held by teacher, Mrs Chia-Kay Cheng Hong, 45.

Satellite image released late April 06, 2009 by the Institute for Science and International security (ISIS) and taken by the commercial satellite imagery service Digitalglobe on April 05, 2009 showing what appears to be the Musudan-ri North Korean rocket or missile in flight. The secretive North Korean stated claimed it had launched a satellite on April 05 that was now circling the globe, transmitting data and patriotic songs praising secretive leader Kim Jong-Il. But the United States and South Korea said the launch had failed to get anything into orbit, and experts said the rocket's second and third stages apparently failed to separate over the Pacific. AFP PHOTO / DIGITALGLOBE-ISIS / RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE

Top Indian nuclear scientist A.B.J. Abdul Kalam checks out ordinance at an Indian defense stall on the opening day of the Defexpo 99 defence exhibition 12 October 1999 in New Delhi. India is starting to scout global markets for military partners, pushing the country as a cost-effective export base for denfence-oriented joint ventures. AFP PHOTO

This photo released by the US Navy shows Lieutenant Ron Candiloro, assigned to Fighter Squadron One Five One, breaking the sound barrier in an F/A-18 "Hornet" 07 July, 1999. The squadron is currently deployed with the USS Constellation battlegroup. AFP PHOTO/US NAVY/JOHN GAY

This US Department of Defense handout image obtained 07 December, 2003 shows a soldier in a lightweight uniform with advanced technological capabilities that researchers say will make troops safer and more formidable on the battlefield. The uniforms, being developed by Objective Force Warrior (OFW), the Army's flagship science and technology initiative, are lightweight and have fully integrated individual combat systems, including weapon, head-to-toe individual protection, netted communications, soldier worn power sources, and enhanced human performance. AFP PHOTO/DoD

Making an explosive barrel from Rulebook of Modern Militaria by Girolamo Ruscelli Venice 1568

Iraqi President Saddam Hussein pays tribute to his army, 06 January, in a televised speech to mark the 77th anniversary of Iraq's armed forces, which have an estimated 387,500 soldiers, according to the London-based International Institute Startegic Studies (IISS).

photo prise le 28 juin 2002 Melun l'ècole des officiers de la gendarmerie (EOGN) des èlëves de la promotion "Capitaine Gauvenet", lors de la cèrèmonie de fin d'annèe d'ètudes 2001-2002. AFP PHOTO DANIEL JANIN

Iraqi army General Ali Gedan (L) studies a map with other army officials to decide on the movement of Iraqi troops in al-Nida, 25 kms east of Baquba, in the Diyala province on July 30, 2008. Iraqi forces supported by US troops laid siege to the city of Baquba and arrested 35 suspects today, the second day of a major assault on Al-Qaeda fighters in the dangerous Diyala province. The operation involves about 50,000 Iraqi police and soldiers, with US troops offering intelligence and logistical support, General Ali Gedan, director of military operations in Diyala, told AFP. AFP PHOTO/STR

Brian Fishman lectures US Army cadets during a Terrorism Studies class 30 March 2007 at the United States Military Academy in West Point, NY. The class is one of several offered in combating terrorism. AFP PHOTO/DON EMMERT

College students walk past an advertisement for the military recruitment in Kunming city, southwest Chinas Yunnan province, 1 November 2009.

William Graham Sumner (1840-1910), American sociologist, economist, and protagonist of Social Darwinism. Professor of sociology at Yale University.

A picture released on June 15, 1968 shows violent clashes opposing rioting Japanese students and anti-riot police outside the University of Economics and Sociology in Tokyo.

A woman with folded hands listens to unseen Tibetan spiritual leader and Nobel laureate Dalai Lama as he addresses the Satyagraha Centenary International Conference in New Delhi, 13 November 2007. Satyagraha Centenary International Conference on " Globalization of the Gandhian Way Sociology, Politics and Science of Satyagraha 1906-2006 was organised with support of Gandhi Peace Foundation. AFP PHOTO/ Manpreet ROMANA

Iranian students listen to the lecture of a professor in the campus of Tehran University in Tehran 29 October 2006. "Women face many limitations in Iran, but education is seen as an acceptable outlet for self-fulfillment and social participation," said Hamidreza Jalaipour, prominent reformist journalist and professor of sociology. He believes the Islamic revolution of 1979, which made it obligatory for women to wear the headscarf, has encouraged religious families to send their daughters to college which was "Islamized and no longer regarded as an unsafe, corrupted place".

Children at play in Hangzhou, east China's Zhejiang province, on June 19, 2009. The family planning policy is facing a formidable obstacle spawned by progress - the rising affluence of an urban class, according to family planning officials. Figures from local authorities show that women from the Chinese mainland gave birth to nearly 78,000 babies in the Hong Kong special administrative region from 2001 to last year, a choice the families made to skirt the restrictions, experts say. About a fifth of the people breaking the family planning rules are urban families, said Zhai Zhenwu, a sociology professor with Renmin University of China. The remaining are believed to be rural couples or migrant workers in cities.

A Japanese businessman gazes at a share price board in downtown Tokyo, 19 December 2006. Japanese share prices fell 185.23 points to close at 16,776.88 on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, snapping a six-day rally as accounting scandals at two listed firms and losses on Wall Street overnight soured sentiment. AFP PHOTO / Yoshikazu TSUNO

The Consul-General of Switzerland in New York and newly appointed Ambassador to the US Alfred Defago (L) talks with Israel Singer, secretary-general of the World Jewish Congress, before a New York City council hearing 10 February 1997. The city council met to discuss a resolution to stop city investments in Swiss banks until a full accounting for monies deposited by victims of the Holocaust in Swiss banks was made. AFP PHOTO JON LEVY

People windowshop for free mobile phones at a street-side display by one of Hong Kong's six mobile telephone network operators 01 March in Hong Kong. A ferocious new mobile telephone price war began 01 March as user are permitted for the first time to switch networks without changing their existing numbers. Service providers have already slashed prices and are offering handsets for free to entice current users to stay and new users to sign up. Hong Kong has 2.9 million mobile phone users in the territory, accounting for 42 percent of the population. (ELECTRONIC IMAGE) AFP PHOTO/Robyn BECK

Shoppers look over items at a Toys R Us store in New York's Times Square, 25 November 2005, one day after Thanksgiving, known as "Black Friday", the traditional start of the holiday shopping season. The "black" in the term comes from the standard accounting practice of using red ink to denote losses, and black ink to denote profits. AFP PHOTO/Stan Honda

--FILE-- Plane models are on display at the stand of Airbus during the 13th Beijing Aviation Expo in Beijing, China, September 23, 2009.

Inauguration de l'Ecole des hautes ètudes commerciales (H.E.C.). Gravure d'aprës un dessin d'Henri Meyer. "Journal illustrè", 11 dècembre 1881. RV-465921

French Foreign Trade Minister Raymond Barre (L) shakes hands with an official 29 July 1976 in Tokyo during a visit to Japan while his wife Eva looks on. Raymond Barre (born April 12, 1924) is a French center-right politician and economist. Raymond Barre was initially professor of economics at Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po). An associate of center-right President Valèry Giscard d'Estaing, he was close to his party, the Union for French Democracy. While mostly unknow at that time he was choosed as Prime Minister in 1976 by Valèry Giscard d'Estaing, who coined him as the "best economist of France", and served from 1976 to 1981.

French Trade Minister Chistine Lagarde speaks on a discussion on "France: A Paradise for Foreign Investments?" at the Center for Stategic and International Studies in Washington, DC, 07 April 2006. AFP PHOTO/Jim WATSON

A promotional poster of golfer Tiger Woods is displayed at the Sherwood Country Club before the start of the Chevron World Challenge in Thousand Oaks, California, on December 1, 2009. Woods will face no criminal charges for crashing outside his Florida mansion but the world's number one golfer has been issued with a careless driving citation. Woods must also pay a 164 USD fine and will lose four points from his license. Woods said injuries from the crash will prevent him from playing in this week's Chevron World Challenge in Los Angeles, an 18-star golf event to benefit his charity foundation that was the last time he was due to play this year. AFP PHOTO/Mark RALSTON

SOUTHERN DELIGHT: Tamil Nadu pavilion at the India International Trade Fair (IITF) being held at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi. Tamil Nadu Day was celebrated with great enthusiasm at IITF, marked by many a cultural programme on Monday, November 24, 2008. The Times of India/ Sanjiv Rastogi.

Photo prise le 27 mars 1999 Tokyo de Carlos Ghosn, le haut responsable de Renault chargè de piloter le redressement de Nissan, qui se rendra pied d'oeuvre le 12 avril, avec pour t‚che peu enviable de ramener dans des proportions plus raisonnables l'ènorme dette supportèe par le constructeur automobile nippon. (IMAGE ELECTRONIQUE)

Pakistani minister for privatization Altaf M Saleem (L) exchanges agreement copies with Shiekh Nahayan Mubarak Al Nahayan (C), Chairman of Consortium of Abu Dhabi Group (UAE), and Anwer Pervez (R) of Bestway Holdings Limited (UK), during a signing ceremony in Islamabad, 19 October 2002. Pakistani government handed over the management of state owned United Bank Limited (UBL) to the highest and successful bidder, the Consortium of Aby Dhabi Group (UAE and Bestway Holdings Limited (UK). (FILM) AFP PHOTO/ str

Leaders (unidentified) of the carmaker's independent trade union Yedinstvo (Unity) speak during a rally in Togliatti on October 17, 2009. Hundreds on Saturday took to the streets of Tolyatti, home to Russia's largest carmaker Avtovaz, to protest mass layoffs at the ailing manufacturer and demand that its management steps down. AFP PHOTO / YEKATERINA DOLGOVA

Junichi Ujiie (R), newly-appointed president of Japan's Nomura Securities Co. Ltd. and chairman Masashi Suzuki (L) bow to reporters after a news conference 22 April. The giant brokerage house announced a masse management resignation over a scandal involving a pay-off to gangsters and named Junichi Ujiie as its new president. AFP PHOTO

Staff of local business management bureau prepare to destroy confiscated fake liqueur seized in a crackdown in Lanzhou, northwest China's Gansu province on March 12, 2009. AFP CHINA XTRA

U.S. President Bill Clinton displays a chart showing how the U.S. deficit his administration inherited would grow if unchecked and how it would be controlled with proposals included in his budget during an address to the Business Roundtable 09 June 1993.

Picture dated January 2009 of one Lewes Pound. The Lewes Pound is a local currency in use in the town of Lewes, East Sussex. Inspired by the Totnes pound and BerkShare, the currency was introduced with the blessing of the town council in September 2008 by Transition Town Lewes - a group of environmental activists. Lewes first introduced its own currency in 1789, but this was discontinued in 1895 along with a number of other local currencies.[2] Its reintroduction in September 2008 achieved national media coverage. On 3 July 2009, it was announced that the scheme was to be extended. The value of the Lewes Pound is fixed at £1 Sterling, and as of January 2009 may be used in any of approximately 130 shops in Lewes. The front features a picture of the South Downs with an image of former Lewes resident Tom Paine and a quotation of his: "We have it in our power to build the world anew". AFP PHOTO

Bank of Japan Governor Masaaki Shirakawa speaks before press in Nagoya in Aichi prefecture, central Japan on November 30, 2009. Japan's central bank said it was watching currency movements "with great concern" as the yen traded at a 14-year-high against the USD. AFP PHOTO / JIJI PRESS

A picture taken on October 19, 2009, shows the board presenting the headquarters of Epad (building not in the picture), the agency managing France's biggest business district -- La Defense, a Paris suburb. Jean Sarkozy, 23, the son of President Nicolas Sarkozy, is expected to be appointed chairman of Epad's board of directors. The law student also leads the right-wing majority in the regional council of the Hauts-de-Seine, France's wealthiest region, which includes La Defense.

--FILE-- Chinese female factory workers manufacture clothes to be exported at a garment factory in Haian county, Nantong city, east Chinas Jiangsu province, September 29, 2009.

Pedestrians are reflected on a share chart in Tokyo on November 6, 2008. Japan's share prices dropped sharply in the morning session of the Tokyo Stock Exchange after Wall Street suffered a heavy sell-off overnight on renewed worries about the outlook for the global economy. AFP PHOTO / Yoshikazu TSUNO

Dr Henry Kissinger speaks at the annual Institute of Directors convention on globalisation at the Royal Albert Hall, London 24 April, 2002. Dr Kissinger has come under increasing pressure recently from both Spanish and French judges who wish to question him over human rights violations in South America and South East Asia in the 1970's. AFP PHOTO:Simon BROOKE-WEBB

Saudi Foreign Minister Saud al-Faisal (L) and Finance minister Ibrahim Al-Assaf (R) take part in a round table meeting in London on April 2, 2009 during the G20 summit. G20 leaders have increased financial pledges to revive world trade, Britain's business minister Peter Mandelson said Thursday, forecasting a "serious injection of resources."

Principales mesures du plan de restructuration de Sony et bènèfice net annuel

Newly-built cars are seen at a storage yard at the port of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on November 12, 2008. After months of a nearly overheated market, Brazilís domestic car sales fell 11% in October, prompting automakers to reduce production and grant collective vacations to part of their workforce. In an attempt to lessen the impact of the credit crisis, the S„o Paulo state government announced Tuesday a R$ 4 billion (US$ 1.8 billion) credit line for the local auto industry. F¡BIO MOTTA/AG NCIA ESTADO/AE

Examen de jeunes filles l'Hùtel de Ville de Paris. "Le Petit Journal", 28 juillet 1895. Gravure de Mèaulle d'aprës Tofani. RV-323038

des èleveurs de viande bovine organisent une dègustation de viande de boeuf, le 20 novembre 2000 devant le conseil gènèral d'Albi, afin de demander aux pouvoirs publics de prendre des dècisions en faveur de la filiere bovine suite la crise de "la vache folle".

Newly designated French Premier Michel Debre (6th-L) presents on January 10, 1959, the members of his government to the President General Charles De Gaulle (C) in the Salon Murat of the Elysee Palace in Paris. 1st row, L-R: Antoine Pinay (Fin), Jean Berthoin (Int), Edmond Michelet (Just), Robert Lecourt (Min of State), Felix Houphouet-Boigny (Min of State), Michel Debre, De Gaulle, Jacques Soustelle (Min delegate to the Premier), Louis Jacquinot (Min of State), Andre Malraux (Culturale Expension), Maurice Couve de Murville (Foreign Aff), Pierre Guillaumat (Def), Andre Boulloche (Educ). 2nd row, L-R: Michel Maurice-Bokanowski (Secr for the Int), Joseph Fontanet (Secr for Tourism), Pierre Chatenet (Civil Service), Roger Frey (Inform), Raymond Triboulet (Vets Aff), Bernard Chenot (Health), Roger Houdet (Agric), Robert Buron (Public Works, Transp), Jean-Marcel Jeanneney (Ind & Comm), Paul Bacon (Labor), Pierre Sudreau (Constr), Bernard Cornut-Gentille (Poste), Miss Nafissa Sid Cara (Moslem Aff), Max Flechet (Secr for Eco Aff), Valery Giscard d'Estaing (Secr for Budget). Michel Debrè (15 January 1912 ñ 02 August 1996), a French Gaullist politician, is considered the "father" of the current Constitution of France, and was the first Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic. He served under President Charles de Gaulle from 1959 to 1962. AFP PHOTO

Somali Islamist parade on a road as they display some of their weapons on the outskirts of Mogadishu on Novermber 4, 2008. Islamists were ousted from southern Somalia early 2007 after battles with Ethiopian-backed Somali forces, ending their brief administration that had imposed Islamic law. They then turned to guerrilla attacks on Ethiopian, Somali and African Union peacekeepers, mainly in Mogadishu, and succeeded. When in power in 2006, the Islamists carried out executions, shut down cinemas and photo shops, banned live music, flogged drug offenders and harassed civilians, mainly women, for failing to wear appropriate dress in public. AFP PHOTO/Abdurashid Abukar

Liu Benren, right, Chairman of China Metallurgical Group Corporation and Metallurgical Corporation of China Ltd., and Meng Jianmin, second left, Deputy Director of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, beat a gong during the ceremony for the listing of shares of Metallurgical Corporation of China Ltd. at the Shanghai Stock Exchange in Shanghai, China, Monday, 21 September 2009.

Luxembourg's prime minister and current president of EU council Jean-Claude Juncker (L) and EU president Jose Manuel Barroso (R) welcomes Junichiro Koizumi (C), Prime minister of Japan, during an official visit for the 14th summit EU-Japan, 02 May 2005 in Luxembourg.

Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee (L) hands over a copy of the "Indian Science Policy 2003" to Indian Minister for Human Resource Development, Murli Manohar Joshi (R), at the inaugural function of the 90th Indian Science Congress in Bangalore 03 January 2003. Vajpayee, unveiling the country's science policy, launched a blueprint for integrating science and technologies with social concerns and told Indian scientists to tackle the issue of internal brain drain squarely. AFP PHOTO/Indranil MUKHERJEE

Iranian students carry portraits of President Mohammad Khatami and Iran's Spiritual leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei (R) as they listen to Khatami's speech at the science and industry university of Elm-o-Sanat, east of Tehran, 12 December 1999. Khatami criticized Washington's policy towards Tehran but affirmed that his country was not hostile towards the American people in his speech.

(From L) German Education and Science Minister Annette Schavan, secretary general of the conservative Christian Democratic Union party (CDU) Ronald Pofalla, Chancellor Angela Merkel, Norbert Lammert, president German lower house of parliament Bundestag, Lothar De Maiziere and Rudolf Seiters attend a ceremony to mark the 60th anniversary of the foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany and the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin wall, at the Deutsche theatre in Berlin, May 4, 2009. AFP PHOTO POOL / FABRIZIO BENSCH GERMANY OUT

U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice arrives at Paris Sciences Politiques Institute for addressing European intellectuals on U.S. foreign policy, 08 February 2005. Sciences Politiques, known in France as "Sciences Po", is a school of political science that has been at the center of recent intellectual debate over America's reach and power. On right is Sciences Po headmaster Richard Decoings. AFP PHOTO POOL JEROME DELAY

Mikhail Gorbachev, former Soviet leader, now Socio-Economic and Political Studies Foundation President, left, in conference with Boris Nemtsov, presidential envoy to the Nizhny Novgorod Region

un ètudiant vote, le 16 avril 2002 l'IEP de Lyon, lors d'une simulation d'èlections prèsidentielles organisèe dans les huit Instituts d'ètudes politiques (Sciences-Po) règionaux, les 16 et 30 avril 2002, les èlëves ètant invitès exprimer leur choix comme lors d'un vèritable scrutin. Lancèe par l'association des anciens èlëves des IEP de règions, "cette simulation ne vaut pas sondage mais èclairage sur les comportements èlectoraux d'une population particuliëre, sensibilisèe la politique", dèclarent les organisateurs. AFP PHOTO JEAN-PHILIPPE KSIAZEK

Felix Houphouît-Boigny salue en 1945 Treichville, une citè ouvriëre au sud d'Abidjan, des membres du Syndicat agricole africain (SAA) qi'il a fondè un an auparavant. Nè Dia Houphouît le 18 octobre 1905 Yamoussoukro dans une riche famille de chefs coutumiers, il prend le prènom de Fèlix en se convertissant 11 ans au catholicisme. Aprës des ètudes de mèdecin, il sert dans l'administration coloniale franáaise et adopte des positions anti-colonialistes. En 1946, il fonde le Rassemblement dèmocratique africain (RDA). Elu dèputè franáais et nommè cinq fois ministre du gouvernement franáais, Houphouît-Boigny est èlu prèsident de la Cùte d'Ivoire en novembre 1960, aprës l'accession de son pays l'indèpendance. AFP PHOTO

Students lie on the ground in front of gendarmes during a demonstration, 16 March 2006 in Rennes, as student protests are planned accross France to force the government to drop the First Employment Contract (CPE), an open-ended contract for under 26-year-old that can be terminated within the first two years without explanation. President Jacques Chirac has appealed for dialogue to resolve the conflict pitting unions, student groups and the political left against the centre-right government, with strikes and sit-ins closing down or disrupting studies at more than half the country's universities. AFP PHOTO FRED DUFOUR

Photo, prise en octobre 1971, de l'empereur du Japon Hiro-Hito (G) et du prèsident amèricain Richard Nixon lors de leur rencontre Anchorage. Devenu en 1926 le 124eme empereur du Japon, Hiro-Hito, nè en 1901 est dècèdè le 07 janvier 1989. Biologiste et botaniste, homme d'ètudes plus qu'homme politique, il est considèrè, malgrè les dèboires politiques de son rëgne, comme l'un des grands souverains du Japon.